Boiler



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3 Sheets-Sheet l c A OLSON ETAL.

f BOILER Flled Aprll 19, 1934 mwN NN KN April! 2, 1936,

NN AN mw c. A. 'OLSON Er AL,

April 211, 3936..,

BOILER 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed April 19, 1934 C. A. OLSON ET' AL April 2L m6.

BOILER 3 Sheeis-Sheet 5 Filed April 19, 1954 Patented Apr. 21, 1936 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE BOILER Application April 19, 1934, Serial No. 721,246

Claims.

This invention pertains broadly to boilers and similar fuel burning devices, and particularly to the efficient use and safe disposal of the fuel gases therein.

One of the objects of this invention is to provide a special type of smoke breeching formed at the back of the boiler or furnace for conducting the gases upwardly to a smoke connection near the top of the boiler or furnace.

One advantage of this construction is that the breeching may be connected to the lower end of a down draft flue to add to the length of the heating flue and at the same time make it possible to locate the smoke pipe high on the boiler rather than at a low position where persons might become burned by contact with the pipe if located near the floor. Many down draft boilers heretofore have had their smoke pipes connected at the lower ends of their down draft flues.

Another object of this invention is toy incorporate in a boiler or furnace a novel form of expansion door which opens directly from the lire boX into the aforesaid breeching.

The breeching and expansion door provided by this invention are of especial advantage in a down draft oil burning boiler since a down draft flue construction is particularly suitable for an oil burning boiler and the intermittent operation of the burner may frequently create a need for the expansion door.

A further advantage pertaining to the expansion door is that it may be readily opened and held open by a lever which :may be manipulated from the outside to provide an outlet temporarily, if desired, from the upper rear end of the re box directly into the smoke pipe.

More advantages will be apparent upon detail consideration of the construction as shown in the appended drawings, in which:

Fig. 1 shows a boiler comprising the invention partly in side elevation and partly in central vertical section,

Fig. 2 is an elevation looking'from either side of any of the intermediate sections shown in Fig'. 1,

Fig. 3 is an elevation looking'toward the inside face of the rear boiler section,

' Fig. 4 is a horizontal sectional View on the line 4-4 of Fig. 2,

Fig. 5 is a horizontal sectional view on the line 5--5 of Fig. 2,

Fig. 6 is a perspective View of a closure member for a flue cleanout port,

Fig. 7 is an elevation looking from the back of the front boiler section with the same removed from the boiler,

Fig. `8 is a sectional view taken on the line 8-8 of Fig. 3,

Fig. 9 is a vertical view taken on the line 9--9 of Fig. 3,

Fig. 10 is a sectional View taken on the line III- I0 of Fig. 7,

Fig. 11 is a sectional view taken on the line II--II of Fig. '7,

Fig. 12 is a section of an intermediate'boiler section, and

Fig. 13 is a horizontal section'through the smoke outlet.

The boiler lire box or combustion chamber I is rather pear-shaped in cross section, as indicated in Fig. 2. Fuel is blown in through the port 2 in the front boiler section burning within the combustion chamber. The flue gases pass upwardly over vertically extending bafiles -as indicated at 3, as shown in Figs. 2 and 3, and pass downwardly through the vertical flues 4 on opposite sides of the boiler, thence into the horizontal passages 5, which carry the gases rearwardly and bring them together at the flue passage -6 in the rear section; thence outwardly into the chamber 'I at the rear of the boiler, from whence they pass upwardly into the smoke outlet 8. The water is brought into the boiler at the bottom of the rear boiler section as, for example, into the ports 9 and I0 in Fig. '7. It can then pass from section to section in the ports II and into the front section, into the ports I2.

The Water upon being heated rises through the water legs on the opposite sides of the combustion space, such as the water legs I3 in the intermediate section shown in Fig. 4, andthe water legs I5 in the front boiler section. The water legs of the boiler chambers are connected together at the top of the boiler by the usual push nipples through an aligned passage I6 which extends through all the boiler sections.

The boiler is generally used in connection with hot water and steam systems, and various pipes such as I'I, serve to carry the hot water or steam into the heating system.

The tie rods for connecting together bottoms of the boiler sections are not shown, but are the usual type of tie rods as shown at the top, as at I8 of Fig. l, which pass through spacers I9.

The front wall of the boiler is preferably covered with a layer 2I of insulating material, while the top of the boiler is covered by a similar layer 22. At the front of the boiler a door 23 is provided in front of a sight aperture which is covered by a plurality of panes of glass 23a. At the rear of the boiler the smoke outlet 8 is formed as a box-like structure 24 which is clamped in any suitable manner to the rear boiler section to provide a sealed space surrounding the smoke passage 6 and the expansion outlet 8a. The smoke pipe for carrying away the products of combustion may be connected to the smoke outlet section 24.

The. expansion door 8b is hinged at 8d and is provided with a counter-weight 8c which will be adjusted so that any gas expansion exceeding a predetermined amount will blow open the expansion door and permit the gases to escape directly into the space 25 leading to the smoke outlet 8.

It will be observed that the flues leading from the combustion chamber are vertical flues carrying the flue gases downwardly until they are delivered to the bottom horizontal flues 5. In order to facilitate the cleaning of these vertical flues, openings such as 26 are provided in the intermediate sections just above each vertical flue 4, these openings, however, being down some distance from the top surface of the boiler. It is necessary to keep these openings normally closed, and it is also advisable to finish off the top corners and surfaces of the boiler to present a neat and uniform appearance. Accordingly, closure members for these ports are provided, each having an outside surface 2l and horizontal plates 28 and 29 which will effectively cover the cleanout ports, and whi-ch can readily be removed to uncover the ports merely by lifting these members out of the corner pockets.

At the front of the boiler there is provided a door 30 which may be removed to permit a cleanout tool to be inserted into the passage 6 for the removal of foreign particles scraped from the flue walls.

In order that the expansion door 8b may be opened intentionally and held open, there is provided a bell crank lever, as shown in Fig. 13, pivotally mounted in the smoke outlet connection 24' and having a linger 3| which will contact the underside of the counter-weight arm 8C. This lever is pivoted at 32 and outside ofthe smoke connection there is provided a handle 33 which may be secured in inoperative position by means of a Wire hook 34 by engaging the same with a perforated lug 35 on the side of the smoke connection. As indicated in Fig. 1, rotating of the handle 33 downwardly will cause the nger 3l to lift and open the expansion door 8b. The hook 34 may thereupon be employed to engage a second perforated boss 36 on the smoke connection to hold the expansion door temporarily in open position. Hence, when a. re is being started in the boiler and sudden gas expansions may be expected, one can, by means of this lever, hold the expansion door open until the necessity for this precaution no longer exists. This combination of an automatically opening expansion door positioned at the upper rear end of a fire box, together with a manually operated lever for opening and holding the expansion door open, is useful not only with an oil burning boiler but is equally useful in coal fired boilers and furnaces or boilers and furnaces utilizing other fuels. By having this expansion door manually controlled, the gases which may suddenly form may be induced to flow directly into the smoke stack where less than atmospheric pressure will ordinarily prevail in preference to belching outwardly toward the front of the furnace where an atmospheric pressure prevails.

The boiler herein shown is especially designed for oil burning and is, therefore, preferably provided with a refractory lining to assist in elevating the combustion chamber temperatures especially in the region where combustion of the oil is initiated. This refractory lining in its preferred form consists of sections 3l and 38 at opposite lower sides of the re box made of suitable refractory material and individually removable and insertable in this fire box. Between suitable recesses formed in the sides 0f these refractory sections, air inlet passages 39 may be provided which will admit air from the spaces 4l and 42 upwardly through the refractories into the burning gases. This entrance of air is thus widely dispersed throughout the length of the bottom portion of the re box and assists in an even combustion of the burning gases. This air may be admitted through an inlet 43 controlled in any suitable manner.

At the rear of the re box there is preferably mounted a refractory wall 44 having a concaved recess 45, as shown, for facilitating a circulation of the burning gases back upon themselves, which is found to promote efficient combustion.

At the front of the fire box a vertical refractory wall 46 is provided having a concaved recess 41 and a central aperture 48 through which the burner nozzle 2 protrudes.

By making the re box in the shape shown in the drawings, with its height about twice its Width, and obtaining increased capacity merely by adding more intermediate sections in accordance with the size of the heating plant, we find that the burning of the fuel is accomplished with a high degree of efficiency. Ample space is thus provided for the volatile gases to complete their combustion and this combustion can be completed within the fire box itself where all of the burning gas that is present obtains the benefit of the large mass action which is taking place.

The employment of the high ceilinged fire box and the down draft flues, together with horizontal ilues at the bottom of the boiler, gives a very advantageous long travel for the products of. combustion in contact with the heat transfer sur faces of the boiler. This long travel is further aided by the employment of the smoke breeching herein shown, best illustrated in Fig. 1. As the gases rise through the smoke breeching toward the smoke outlet, they again contact a water-back surface and give up further heat to the Water of the boiler.

The positioning of the actual smoke outlet high on the back of the boiler puts it out of reach of children and dogs and thus prevents accidents which might occur if the smoke outlet were positioned at the rear and bottom of the boiler as is quite customary with down draft boilers.

The device indicated as 'lab located on the back of the boiler at the outer end of a cylindrical tube 'lb is a control device which may be conveniently mounted above the rear refractory Wall and is utilized in connection with certain types of oil burners 'for shutting off the supply of oil in the event that the thermo-sensitive device 'la is not subjected to heat of a certain degree following the attempted ignition of the burner. This device itself needs no further description as it is not a part of the invention but the convenient manner of mounting such a device in connection with this novel smoke breeching is herein illustrated for the convenience of the public.

It should be understood that the various novel features of this invention may be utilized in forms differing somewhat from the disclosed preferred embodiment and that such variations and changes are comprehended in this invention as it is defined in the appended claims.

Having shown and described our invention, we claim:

1. In combination with a boiler having a re box and down draft flues and a bottom rear outlet for said flues, a duct connected with said outlet at the rear of the boiler for conducting the flue gases upwardly alongside of the rear surface of the boiler to a point near the top thereof, a Water-backed partition separating the boiler fire box and said duct, means at the upper part of said duct for connecting a smoke pipe, said partition having an aperture for establishing direct communication between the rear upper portion of the lire box and the smoke outlet connection, near the level of the latter, a fuel inlet at the front of the re box and means for normally closing said aperture constructed and arranged to be opened by pressures in the re box, exceeding a predetermined pressure and self-closing after termination of such excessive pressures.

2. In combination with a boiler having a fire box and down draft iiues and a rear bottom outlet for said flues, a duct connected with said outlet at the rear of the boiler for conducting the flue gases upwardly alongside of the rear surface of the boiler to a point near the top thereof, a water-backed partition separating the boiler re box and said duct, means at the upper part of said duct for connecting a smoke pipe, said partition having an aperture for establishing direct communication between the rear upper portion of the fire box and the smoke outlet connection, near the level of the latter, self-closing means for normally closing said aperture constructed to be opened by pressures exceeding a predetermined pressure in the re box, a fuel inlet at the front of, the fire box, and means manually controllable from outside of the boiler for temporarily opening said aperture closing means at wilol.

3. In a fuel burning device, a fire box, means openable to the atmosphere at the front end of the nre box for the introduction of fuel, a smoke pipe connection at the upper rear portion of the device, a flue being provided in the device extending by a tortuous path from the upper portion of the fire box downwardly and underneath the fire box thence rearwardly and upwardly to said connection, a partition at the rear of the re box normally preventing communication from the fire box to said connection except through said flue, an aperture in said partition at the highest and rearmost point in said re box, said smoke outlet connection being positioned opposite said aperture, a pressure controlled damper normally closing said aperture, and a manually operable lever extending into the device from its outside surface for manually opening at will said damper.

4. In a boiler having a re box and a water containing vertical partition forming the rear wall of the fire box, said boiler being provided with a down draft fiue connected with the upper portion of the fire box and extending to a point for delivering the products of combustion into a space at the lower side of the partition opposite the side which faces the fire box, a duct connected with the boiler for guiding said gases upwardly along vthe rear surface of said partition opposite the fire box, an aperture extending from the upper rear portion of the re box through said partition, a pneumatically controlled selfclosing door for sealing said aperture normally and openable by pressures in the fire box exceeding a predetermined pressure, and a smoke outlet connection opposite said aperture at the level thereof connected to said duct.

5. In a fuel burning device, a re box, means for introducing fuel at the front end of the re box, a smoke pipe connection at the upper rear portion of the device, a flue being provided in the device extending by a tortuous path from the upper portion of the re box and downwardly at the side thereof, thence underneath the fire box and rearwardly and upwardly to said connection, a partition at the rear of the fire box normally preventing communication from the fire box to said connection except through said flue, an aperture in said partition approximately in registration with said connection, and a pressure controlled damper closing said aperture.

CHARLES A. OLSON. JOHN P. MAGOS. 

